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Educational essentials

The qualified small business stock (QSBS) tax benefit
The QSBS exclusion is a U.S. tax benefit that applies to eligible shareholders of a qualified small business. Learn more about how QSBS works.
What are stock options and how do they work?
Received stock options from a startup and don't understand what that means or how they work? Here's how to make sense of your offer letter and option grant.
What is a 409A valuation?
Learn everything you need to know about 409A valuations including what they are, when you need a valuation, valuation methodologies, and the full process.
What is a cap table?
A cap table (or capitalization table) lists all the securities or shares in a company including stock, convertible notes, warrants, and equity grants. Learn more.
How stock options are taxed
How are stock options taxed when exercising? Learn how ISO and NSO stock options are taxed and the common times employees can exercise their options.
Advisory shares: What startups should know
Advisory shares are a form of equity that early-stage startups (especially pre-seed, idea-stage ones) can give to their advisors instead of cash compensation.